Posted: May 22nd, 2023
In general, when the bubble rises in a viscous fluid freely, the surface tension force attempts to maintain the initial spherical shape of the bubble while buoyancy forces the bubble to rise in the direction of the gravity vector. Drag forces exert their impact in the opposite direction of the motion of the bubble and are primarily due to adverse pressure gradients. Pressure drag increases with the bubble frontal cross section area and the rise or slide velocity.
An expression denoting the static contact angle (θs) was first derived by a scientist known as Young in the year 1805. A static contact line is shown in the Fig. 14, which illustrates an interface between two fluids. Each interface has a constant surface tension.
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